ADBCEDAAAD
11-20-BBCDEEADAA
21-30-CABDADADAA
31-40-CDABBADABB 41-50-DDADDCDBB
A
51-60-CCABADDABA
*cent*
[7/19, 03:23] +234 802
728 9487: 4ai)
Decomposers are organisms that break
down dead/ decaying
larger organisms in
doing so carrying out
the process of
decomposition releasing energy, carbon,nutrients
for growth and
development
ii) A habitat can be
defined as the natural
dwelling place of an organism
iii) Mutation is the
sudden change in
structure of a gene/
DNA/chromosome that
causes permanent damage to the traits
they represent resulting
to production of
mutants if It occurs in
genetic parts
[7/19, 03:26] +234 802 728 9487: 4bi)provide
raw materials for
industries ii) prevents
desertification
iii) provides water for
domestic use iv)provides continuous
source of foods
4bii)
Fragmentation
Budding
Spore formations Binary fission
4biii)
i) serves as transport
medium
ii)homeostasis
iii)regulation of body temperature
iv)white blood cells in
blood help in defence
from germs
v)platelets help in
clotting [7/19, 03:33] +234 802
728 9487: []STILL
LOADING.....*MR DIAMOND*:
3ai) Enzyme : Proteins
that speeds up the
rate of a chemical reaction in a living
organism. An enzyme
acts as catalyst for
specific chemical
reactions, converting a
specific set of reactants (called
substrates) into specific
products. Without
enzymes , life as we
know it would not exist.
II) cyclosis: the circulation of cytoplasm
or cell
organelles, such as food
vacuoles in some
protozoans
III) peristalsis: the progressive wave of
contraction and
relaxation of a tubular
muscular system,
especially the
alimentary canal, by which the contents are
forced through the
system.
3bii) The dental formula
for different species
are as follows where I = incisors, C = canines, P
= premolars and M =
molars :
Man (adult)
I - 2/2 C - 1/1 P - 2/2
M - 3/3 = 16 x 2 = 32 [] EXAMMATE:
1ai.Homeostasis can be
defined as a property
of an organism or
system that helps it
maintain its parameters within a normal range
of values
ii. 1.Auxin
2.Ethylene
iii. Euglena as plant
1.It contains chloroplasts in its
cytoplasm
2. It is able to produce
its own food by
photosynthesis when
light is available Euglena as animal:
1. It can actually move
as it has a flagellum.
Movement is usually
associated with animals.
2. It feeds on food whenever it needs to
feed by engulfing the
food with its body as
our phagocytes do
when the sunlight is not
available. EXAM SCHOLAR.COM: 3ci) • After the fertilization,
the ovule becomes the
seed and the ovary
becomes the fruit.
• The outer layer of
the fruit is the exocarp, and the outer
layer of the seed is the
testa.
• Seeds are found
inside the fruits and
the layer of pericarp that surrounds the
seed is the pericarp.
• Without the fruit, the
seed can grow in to a
new plant but, without
the seeds, the fruit cannot grow in to a
new plant. This is
because the embryo is
found inside the seed,
and the embryo is the
one that gives rise to a new plant.
*MR DIAMOND*
[7/19, 03:39] +234 802
728 9487: *CENT*:
3ai) Enzyme : Proteins
that speeds up the rate of a chemical
reaction in a living
organism. An enzyme
acts as catalyst for
specific chemical
reactions, converting a specific set of
reactants (called
substrates) into specific
products. Without
enzymes , life as we
know it would not exist. II) cyclosis: the
circulation of cytoplasm
or cell
organelles, such as food
vacuoles in some
protozoans III) peristalsis: the
progressive wave of
contraction and
relaxation of a tubular
muscular system,
especially the alimentary canal, by
which the contents are
forced through the
system.
*CENT*
*: 3bii) The dental formula for different
species are as follows
where I = incisors, C =
canines, P = premolars
and M = molars :
Man (adult) I - 2/2 C - 1/1 P - 2/2
M - 3/3 = 16 x 2 = 32
*CENT* *CENT*: 3ci) •
After the fertilization,
the ovule becomes the
seed and the ovary becomes the fruit.
• The outer layer of
the fruit is the
exocarp, and the outer
layer of the seed is the
testa. • Seeds are found
inside the fruits and
the layer of pericarp
that surrounds the
seed is the pericarp.
• Without the fruit, the seed can grow in to a
new plant but, without
the seeds, the fruit
cannot grow in to a
new plant. This is
because the embryo is found inside the seed,
and the embryo is the
one that gives rise to a
new plant.
3cii) Main Functions Of
Amniotic Fluid Provides Mechanical
Protection : One of the
main functions of
amniotic fluid is to
prevent mechanical
trauma to the fetus. It keeps the growing
fetus encased safely,
acting as a shock
absorber of sorts.
Amniotic fluid provides a
well-lubricated environment for the
fetus to move around
in, thereby helping in
bone growth and
strengthening.
Allows Development of Body Parts: Amniotic
fluid circulates freely
within the womb,
keeping every part of
the body lubricated.
That allows for the growth of the external
body parts such as
fingers and toes and
stops them from
becoming clumped
together. It also helps in the development of
the lungs and the
digestive system.
Offers A Natural Immune
System : Amniotic fluid
is a significant player in the baby’s natural
immune system. Many of
the antimicrobial
substances that make
up the natural immune
system of the baby can be found in amniotic
fluid. These
antimicrobials protect
the baby from various
bacteria, fungi,
protozoa, and viruses *CENT*
2bi)Difference Between
Artery and Vein
Artery
1. Vessels which carry
blood from the heart to various body parts
2. Arteries carry
oxygenated blood from
the heart except
pulmonary artery
3. Arteries have thick elastic muscular walls
4. Valves are absent
5. Blood flows under
high pressure
Vein
1. Vessels which carry blood from the various
body parts to the heart
2. Veins carry
deoxygenated blood
from the various body
parts except pulmonary vein
3. Veins have thin non
elastic walls
4. Valves are present
to prevent the
backward flow of blood 5. Blood flows under low
pressure
2bii)
-Adenovirus
-Nephritis
-Alagille -Amyloidosis
5ai) primary successions
:Primary succession is
one of two types of
biological and ecological
succession of plant life, occurring in an
environment in which
new substrate devoid
of vegetation and other
organisms usually
lacking soil, such as a lava flow or area left
from retreated glacier,
is deposited.
II) primary roots: The
primary root is the
central, first-formed, main root . The primary
root originates at
germination stage from
the radicle of the seed.
During its growth it
branches to form the secondary Roots.
III) macronutrient: any
of the nutritional
components of the diet
that are required in
relatively large amounts: protein,
carbohydrate, fat, and
the macrominerals.
*CENT*
[7/19, 03:39] +234 802
728 9487: 5bi) Asthma. Collapse of part or all
of the lung
(pneumothorax or
atelectasis)
Swelling and
inflammation in the main passages (bronchial
tubes) that carry air to
the lungs (bronchitis)
COPD (chronic
obstructive pulmonary
disease) II) 1 . Air
Air is a major source of
pathogens.For example
when a person having
common cold snezzes
the pathogens enter air and when inhaled they
cause common cold to
another healthy
person.Thus we should
ensure good air
circulation in our homes ,schools or public places off the shoulder prom dresses
to control pathogens.
2. Water
Water is also a major
cause of
diseases.Tharefore we should ensure that we
schould have clean
boiled water or should
have aquaguarrd in our
homes.
3.Sterlization It destructs pathogens
in medical and lab rooms
.We sterlize equipments
by heating , freezing or
by use of radiation.
4. By use of chemicals We use chemicals like
alcohol to kill pathogens
III) - On the species
level, variation allows a
population to maintain a
healthy diversity, allowing it to cope with
changing circumstances.
- Variation within a
population is beneficial
to the species as a
whole due to subtle or dramatic changes in the
environment. If changes
do occur in the
environment, those with
variation which favors
the new conditions will live to pass on those
genes which do well in
the new environment.
- It helps in maintaining
life even in adverse
conditions, as some individuals having
variation can even
survive in adverse
environment. So, natural
selection will result in
survival of the species having variation which
makes it better than
others.
5c) Plants reproduce
using eggs and sperm,
just like people. However, they don't
have physical sex! Male
plants release pollen ,
which fertilize
ovaries . The fertilized
ovaries develop into seeds , which can then
be distributed to make
new plants. As the
fertilized ovaries
develop, a surplus of
carbohydrates and proteins are stored
inside the seed. This will
serve as food for the
plant until it can
develop leaves. Next,
the fertilized plant ovaries develop the
hardened coat we see
as the outside of seeds
to protect them against
harsh environmental
conditions. The seeds then can be carried
away by wind or animals
to create new plants.
The hard outer covering
of seeds protects them
until germination *Seed Germination*
After the seed has
made it to a new
location and is covered
with dirt, it can begin
germination. Germination is the process of seeds
developing into new
plants. First,
environmental
conditions must trigger
the seed to grow. Usually, this is
determined by how
deep the seed is
planted, water
availability, and
temperature. When water is plentiful, the
seed fills with water in
a process called
imbibition . The water
activates special
proteins, called enzymes , that begin
the process of seed
growth. First the seed
grows a root to access
water underground.
Next, the shoots , or growth above ground,
begin to appear. The
seed sends a shoot
towards the surface,
where it will grow
leaves to harvest energy from the sun.
The leaves continue to
grow towards the light
source in a process
called
photomorphogenesis *cent*
[7/19, 03:39] +234 802
728 9487: 1ai)
Homeostasis refers to
the ability of the body
or a cell to seek and
maintain a condition of
equilibrium or stability
within its internal
environment when
dealing with external changes. It is involved
in the maintenance of
the constant internal
environment which
includes the function of
kidney, liver , skin , etc. ii)
-Auxin
-Cytokinin
iii)
– Euglena do
photosynthesis using the same basic process
that plants use. They
also move around and
eat, as do animals
-Most species of
Euglena have photosynthesizing
chloroplasts within the
body of the cell, which
enable them to feed by
autotrophy (making
energy-containing organic molecules from
inorganic raw material
through the use of an
energy source such as
sunlight), like plants.
However, they can also take nourishment
heterotrophically
(making use of food
that comes from other
organisms in the form
of fats, carbohydrates, and proteins), like
animals.
——;———————–
2ai). Bird beaks or bills
replace the lips and
teeth of mammals and vary in shape, size,
length and function
according to the type
of diet consumed. Seed-
crackers such as finches
have a short conical beak, while birds of
prey such as hawks
have a powerful hooked
beak for tearing flesh
( see link on Bird
Beaks ). The tongue of birds, just as the beak,
is adapted to the type
of food the bird
consumes
ii)Swallowed feed and
water are stored in the crop until they are
passed to the rest of
the digestive tract.
When the crop is empty
or nearly empty, it
sends hunger signals to the brain so that the
chicken will eat more.
iii)Consumed feed and
the digestive juices
from the salivary glands
and proventriculus pass into the gizzard for
grinding, mixing, and
mashing.
iv)The secretion of bile
and bile salts , and
2. Phagocytosis of bacteria and dead or
foreign materials.
2bi)Difference Between
Artery and Vein
Artery
1. Vessels which carry blood from the heart to
various body parts
2. Arteries carry
oxygenated blood from
the heart except
pulmonary artery 3. Arteries have thick
elastic muscular walls
4. Valves are absent
5. Blood flows under
high pressure
Vein 1. Vessels which carry
blood from the various
body parts to the heart
2. Veins carry
deoxygenated blood
from the various body parts except pulmonary
vein
3. Veins have thin non
elastic walls
4. Valves are present
to prevent the backward flow of blood
5. Blood flows under low
pressure
2bii)
-Adenovirus
-Nephritis -Alagille
-Amyloidosis
2biii)1. Providing
leadership on matters
critical to health and
engaging in partnerships where joint action is
needed;
2. Shaping the research
agenda and stimulating
the generation,
translation and dissemination of
valuable knowledge;
3. setting norms and
standards and
promoting and
monitoring their implementation;
4. Articulating ethical
and evidence-based
policy options;
5. Providing technical
support, catalysing change, and building
sustainable institutional
capacity;
6. Monitoring the health
situation and addressing
health trends 3ai) Enzyme : Proteins
that speeds up the
rate of a chemical
reaction in a living
organism. An enzyme
acts as catalyst for specific chemical
reactions, converting a
specific set of
reactants (called
substrates) into specific
products. Without enzymes , life as we
know it would not exist.
II) cyclosis: the
circulation of cytoplasm
or cell
organelles, such as food vacuoles in some
protozoans
III) peristalsis: the
progressive wave of
contraction and
relaxation of a tubular muscular system,
especially the
alimentary canal, by
which the contents are
forced through the
system. 3bii) The dental formula
for different species
are as follows where I =
incisors, C = canines, P
= premolars and M =
molars : Man (adult)
I – 2/2 C – 1/1 P – 2/2
M – 3/3 = 16 x 2 = 32
3bii) The dental formula
for different species
are as follows where I = incisors, C = canines, P
= premolars and M =
molars :
Man (adult)
I – 2/2 C – 1/1 P – 2/2
M – 3/3 = 16 x 2 = 32 3ci) • After the
fertilization, the ovule
becomes the seed and
the ovary becomes the
fruit.
• The outer layer of the fruit is the
exocarp, and the outer
layer of the seed is the
testa.
• Seeds are found
inside the fruits and the layer of pericarp
that surrounds the
seed is the pericarp.
• Without the fruit, the
seed can grow in to a
new plant but, without the seeds, the fruit
cannot grow in to a
new plant. This is
because the embryo is
found inside the seed,
and the embryo is the one that gives rise to a
new plant.
3cii) Main Functions Of
Amniotic Fluid
Provides Mechanical
Protection : One of the main functions of
amniotic fluid is to
prevent mechanical
trauma to the fetus. It
keeps the growing
fetus encased safely, acting as a shock
absorber of sorts.
Amniotic fluid provides a
well-lubricated
environment for the
fetus to move around in, thereby helping in
bone growth and
strengthening.
Allows Development of
Body Parts: Amniotic
fluid circulates freely within the womb,
keeping every part of
the body lubricated.
That allows for the
growth of the external
body parts such as fingers and toes and
stops them from
becoming clumped
together. It also helps
in the development of
the lungs and the digestive system.
Offers A Natural Immune
System : Amniotic fluid
is a significant player in
the baby’s natural
immune system. Many of the antimicrobial
substances that make
up the natural immune
system of the baby can
be found in amniotic
fluid. These antimicrobials protect
the baby from various
bacteria, fungi,
protozoa, and viruses.
Allah yabada sa a

by. s.yayaji kaciciya............